1.
INTRODUCTION
2. SCOPE
3.
TERMINOLOGY
3.1 Band
3.2 Centre of Mass
3.3 Concrete Grades
3.4 Design Seismic Coefficient
3.5 Engineered Buildings
3.6 Non-engineered Buildings
3.7 Pre-Engineered Buildings
3.8 Seismic Zone and Seismic Co-efficient
3.9 Semi-Engineered Buildings
4.
UNDERSTANDING EARTHQUAKES
4.1 Earthquake Vibrations
4.2 Measurement of Ground Motion
4.3 Epicentre, Hypocentre and Earthquake Waves
4.4 Strong Ground Motion
4.5 Magnitude and Energy of an Earthquake
5. EARTHQUAKE
EFFECTS
5.1 Force
Generation Mechanics
5.2 Nature
of Seismic Stresses
5.3 Factors Affecting Structural Damage
5.4 Overall Effects of Major Earthquakes
6. INTENSITY
AND ISOSEISMALS OF AN EARTHQUAKE AND SEISMIC ZONING
6.1
Intensity Scales
6.2 Isoseismals of an Earthquake
6.3 Seismic Zoning
7.
EARTHQUAKE FORCE FOR DESIGN
7.1 The
Earthquake Force
7.2 Design Seismic Coefficient
7.3 Design Base Shear in Buildings
7.4 Distribution of Earthquake Force along Building Height
8.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDINGS
8.1
Lateral Load Analysis
8.2 Torsion
8.3 Drift
8.4 Vertical Seismic Acceleration
8.5 Appendages
8.6 Secondary Elements
9. SITING OF
SETTLEMENTS AND BUILDINGS
9.1 Effect
of Site Conditions on Building Damage
9.2 Siting
of Settlements
9.3
Building Safety
9.4
Relocation of Site after Disaster
10. FACTORS
AFFECTING DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS
10.1
Building Configuration
10.2 Openings in Walls
10.3 Rigidity Distribution
10.4 Ductility
10.5 Foundation
10.6 Quality of Construction and Maintenance
11.
CATEGORIES OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE
12.
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FEATURES
12.1
Lightness
12.2 Projecting and Suspended parts
12.3 Building Configuration
13.
DETAILING FOR DUCTILITY
13.1
Need for Ductility in Structural Frames
13.2 Nature of Recommendation for
Ductility
14. DETAILING
OF R.C. MOMENT RESISTANT FRAMES
14.1
Concrete and Steel Grades
14.2 Detailing of Beams
14.3 Detailing of Columns
14.4 Detailing of Beam-Column
Connections
14.5 Detailing of Foundation, Plinth
Beam, Column Joint
15. DUCTILE
DETAILING OF STEEL FRAMES
15.1
Local Buckling
15.2 Lateral Buckling of Beams
15.3 Design of Columns for Ductility
15.4 Design of Connections for Ductility
16.
CATEGORIES OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
16.1
Seismic Zones
16.2 Importance of Building
16.3 Strength and Stiffness of Soil
16.4 Combination of Parameters
17. SAFETY OF NON-ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS
18. BUILDINGS
OF GOOD MASONRY STRENGTH
18.1
Building Types
18.2 Control on Length and Height of Walls
18.3 Mortar Mix
18.4 Control on Openings in walls
18.5 Reinforced Concrete Bands
18.6 Details of the Bands
18.7 Vertical Reinforcement
18.8 Framing of Thin Load Bearing Walls
18.9 Reinforcing Details for Hollow Block Masonry
19. BURNED
BRICK BUILDINGS USING CLAY MUD MORTAR
19.1
Control on Wall Lengths and Buildings Height
19.2 Control on Openings in Bearing Walls
19.3 Seismic Strengthening Features
19.4 Water proofing
20. BUILDINGS
WITH STONE MASONRY WALLS
20.1
Scope
20.2 Typical Damage and Failure of Stone Buildings
20.3 Construction Control
20.4 Control on Wall Length and Building Height
20.5 Control of Openings in Bearing Walls
20.6 Seismic Strengthening Features
20.7 Water Proofing
21. EARTHEN
HOUSES
21.1
Scope
21.2 Control on Construction
21.3 Control on Length of Walls and Building Height
21.4 Control on Openings in Bearing Walls
21.5 Seismic Strengthening Features
21.6 Foundation and Plinth
21.7 Water Proofing
22. WOOD HOUSES
22.1
Foundation
22.2 Control of Bearing walls, Openings and Building
Height
22.3 Stud Wall Construction
22.4 Brick Nogged Timber Frame Construction
23. REPAIR AND
RESTORATION OF DAMAGED BUILDINGS
23.1
Non-structural/Architectural Repairs
23.2 Structural Repairs or Restoration
24.
STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING BUILDINGS
24.1
Approach to Seismic Retrofitting
24.2 Cost of Repairs and Retrofitting
24.3 Objectives of Seismic Retrofitting Procedures
24.4 Seismic Retrofitting Features
