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COVER PAGE, PREFACE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER-1
MAJOR NATURAL DISASTERS IN INDIA
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 The Territory of India
1.1.2 Natural Hazards and Disasters
1.1.3 Management of Disasters in India
1.2 EARTHQUAKE HAZARD IN INDIA
1.2.1 Earthquake Occurences
1.2.2 Main Seismic Regions
1.2.3 Kashmir and Western Himalayas
1.2.4 Central Himalayas
1.2.5 North-East India
1.2.6 Indo-Gangetic Basin and Rajasthan
1.2.7 Cambay and the Rann of Kutch
1.2.8 Peninsular India including the Islands of Lakshadweep
1.2.9 The Andaman - Nicobar Islands
1.2.10 The Seismic Hazard Zoning Map
1.2.11 Damaging Effects of Earthquakes
1.3 WIND STORM/CYCLONE HAZARD IN INDIA
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Tropical Cyclones
1.3.3 Storm Tide
1.3.4 Frequency of Cyclones in India
1.3.5 Disastrous Effects
1.4 FLOOD HAZARD IN INDIA
1.4.1 Occurrence of Floods
1.4.2 The flood causing situations
1.4.3 Flood Prone Regions (River Basins)
1.4.4 Flash Floods, Local Floods
1.4.5 Flooding in Coastal Areas
1.4.6 Areas Liable to Flooding and Protected Areas
CHAPTER
2
STATUS OF DISASTER MITIGATION IN INDIA
2.1 DISASTER, MITIGATION COMPONENTS
2.1.1 Overall Functional Structure of Natural Disaster Reduction
2.1.2 UNDRO (DHA) Flow Diagram for Natural Disaster Mitigation
2.2 DISASTER MITIGATION MEASURES IN INDIA
2.2.1 Hazard Evaluation
2.2.2 Risk Assessment
2.2.3 Disaster prevention
2.2.4 Emergency Planning
2.3 SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK IN
INDIA
2.3.1 The Existing Network
2.3.2 Upgradation of Seismological Network and Collateral Studies
2.4 CYCLONE MONITORING FORECASTING AND WARNING SYSTEM IN
INDIA
2.4.1 Cyclone Forecasting and Warning Organisation
2.4.2 Cyclone Tracking
2.4.3 User Agencies
2.4.4 Preparation of forecasts
2.4.5 Two-Stage Warning system
2.4.6 Dissemination of cyclone warnings
2.4.7 Disaster warning system (DWS)
2.4.8 Public Awareness Activities in Cyclone Disaster Prevention and
Preparedness
2.4.9 Achievements in Cyclone Disaster Reduction
2.5 FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING SYSTEM
2.5.1 Setup of Forecasting Stations
2.5.2 User Agencies:
2.5.3 Work of formulation of flood forecasts
CHAPTER
3
VULNERABILITY ATLAS OF INDIA
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE VULNERABILITY ATLAS
3.3 THE SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS
3.3.2 The Epicentres of Earthquakes of M≥5.0
3.4 CYCLONE AND WIND HAZARD MAPS
3.4.1 Basic Wind Speed Zones
3.4.2 Design Wind Speed
3.4.3 Coastal Areas
3.4.4 Storm Surge
3.5 FLOOD HAZARD MAPS
3.5.1 Areas Liable to Flooding and Protected Areas
3.5.2 Maximum Probable Precipitation
3.5.3 Flooding in Coastal Areas
3.6 HOUSING VULNERABILITY TABLES
3.6.1 House Types
3.6.2 Risk of Damage to House Types
6.6.3 Damage Risk Levels for Earthquakes
3.6.4 Damage Risk Levels for Wind Storms
3.6.5 Damage Risk Levels for Flood
3.6.6 The Housing Vulnerability Tables
CHAPTER
4
MULTI-HAZARD RISK IN VARIOUS DISTRICTS OF INDIA
4.1 MULTI-HAZARD RISK CONCEPT
4.2 APPROACH TO MULTI-HAZARD RISK ANALYSIS VULNERABILITY ATLAS
4.2.1 Earthquake hazard
4.2.2 Wind/cyclone hazard
4.2.3 Flood Hazard
4.2.4 Multi-hazard prone areas
4.3 Districts with Multiple Hazard Risk
4.4 Multi-Hazard Maps
4.5 Action Plan at District Level
CHAPTER
5
DAMAGE SCENARIO OF A HYPOTHETICAL 8.0 MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE IN KANGRA REGION
OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 THE EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCE IN H.P
5.2.1 Great Kangra Earthquake of 1905
5.2.2 Kinnaur Earthquake of Jan.19, 1975
5.2.3 Dharmsala Earthquake of April 26, 1986
5.3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN H.P
5.4 DAMAGE POTENTIAL OF MAGNITUDE 8.0 EARTHQUAKE
5.5 POTENTIAL OF LIFE AND ECONOMIC LOSSES
5.5.1 Estimate for loss of lives
5.2.2 Economic loss due to the house damage
5.6 CONCLUSION
5.7 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6
DISASTER SCENARIO FOR A HYPOTHETICAL REPEAT OF 1997 CYCLONE STRIKING ANDHRA
PRADESH COAST TWO DECADES LATER IN 1997
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 BASIC PREMISE OF THE STUDY
6.3 RISK CLASSIFICATION
6.4 HOUSING TYPOLOGY AND THEIR RISK VULNERABILITY
6.5 ASSESSMENT OF LOSS OF HUMAN LIVES
6.6 ASSESSMENT OF HOUSES DAMAGED & NUMBER OF HOMELESS POPULACE
6.7 VALIDATION OF THE PROPOSED MODEL
6.8 PREDICTION OF DISASTER SCENARIO FOR HYPOTHETICAL 1997
CYCLONE
6.9 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER
7
FLOOD DAMAGE SCENARIO IN BURHI-DEHING
SUB-BASIN
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
7.3 FLOOD PROBLEM
7.4 DAMAGE SCENARIO
7.5 FLOOD CONTROL MEASURES
7.6 BENCH MARK STUDIES FOR FLOOD DAMAGE MITIGATION
7.7 THE DAMAGE POTENTIAL IN HYPOTHETICAL 25 YEAR FLOOD IN 2001
7.7.1 Comments
7.8 CONCLUSIONS
7.9 Acknowledgement
CHAPTER
8
COST-BENEFIT ASPECTS OF DISASTER MITIGATION
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
8.3 ASSESSMENT OF LOSSES
8.4 APPROACHES TOWARD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION
8.5 ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ADVERSE WEATHER WARNING SERVICES
8.6 ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF STRUCTURAL MITIGATION MEASURES
AGAINST CYCLONES
8.7 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF BUILDINGS
8.7.1 Costs of Improving Seismic Resistance of Buildings
8.7.2 Vulnerability Functions
8.7.3 Case of Hypothetical Earthquake Recurrence in Himachal Pradesh
8.7.4 Some Real Earthquake Observations
8.8 ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF FLOOD MANAGEMENT MEASURES
8.8.1 Benefits of Flood Control Measures for Dibrugarh Town
CHAPTER-9
TECHNO-LEGAL REGIME FOR NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 ELEMENTS OF TECHNO-LEGAL FRAMEWORK
9.2.1 Areas Planned on Master Plan Concept
9.2.2 Areas not covered under Master Plan
9.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AMENDMENT TO TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING
ACTS
9.3.1 The Maharashtra Regional
and Town Planning Act of 1966
9.3.2 The National Capital Regional Planning Board Act of 1985
9.4 RECOMMENDATION FOR SAFETY OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND
SERVICES
9.5 RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS FOR INCLUSION IN BUILDING BYELAWS
OF LOCAL BODIES
Annexue 'G' Land Use Zoning in Hazard Prone Areas - Guidelines
CHAPTER
10
STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER PREVENTION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 MAJOR NATURAL HAZARDS IN INDIA
10.3 IDNDR YOKOHAMA MESSAGE
10.4 DISASTER MITIGATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
10.5 GOALS OF DISASTER PREVENTION FOR HOUSING AND RELATED
INFRASTRUCTURE
10.6 STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
10.6.1 Creation of Public Awareness
10.6.2 Enactment of Legislation and Building Byelaws
10.6.3 Development of New Habitations
10.6.4 Protection of Existing Habitations
10.6.5 Preventive Strategy for New Constructions
10.7 STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
10.7.1 Protection of Housing from Flood
10.7.2 Protection of Habitations from Destruction by Storm Surge
10.7.3 Protection of Housing from Cyclonic Wind Storms
10.7.4 Seismic Retrofittinq of Houses, Buildings and Infrastructure
10.8 STRENGTHENING OF R&D AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
10.9 EDUCATION AND TRAINING
10.10 FUNDING FOR DISASTER PREVENTION
CHAPTER
11
RECOMMENDATIONS
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 REORIENTATION OF GOVERNMENT POLICY PREPAREDNESS AND
MITIGATION
11.3 CREATION OF AWARENESS TOWARDS DISASTER
11.4 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS
11.5 DISASTER PREVENTION
11.6 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
11.7 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
11.7.1 Seismic Hazard
11.7.2 Wind Hazard
11.7.3 Flood Hazard
11 .7.4 Data Base and Access
11.7.5 Development of Vulnerability Functions
11.7.6 Improvement of Accuracy of Forecasts
11.7.7 Hazard Communications
CHAPTER
12
ACTION PLAN FOR NATURAL DISASTER MITIGATION
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 RESTRUCTURING OF NATIONAL POLICY
12.3 HAZARD EVALUATION AND MAPPING
12.3.1 Actions for Hazard Evaluation and Mapping
12.3.2 Multi-Hazard Prone Areas
12.4 VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT
12.4.1 Realistic Damage Assessment
12.4.2 District wise Damage Scenario
12.4.3 Preparedness and Mitigation Plans for Selected Urban Areas
12.4.4 Data Base of Damages, Costs and Benefits of Earlier
Preventive Actions
12.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF TECHNO LEGAL REGIME
12.6 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND AWARENESS
12.7 DISASTER PREVENTION
12.7.1 Non-Structural Measures
12.7.2 Structural Measures - New Constructions
12.7.3 Structural Measures - Upgrading Resistance of Existing
Construction
12.8 EDUCATION AND TRAINING
12.9 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
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