STATES

West Bengal, bihar, orissa and eastern uttar Pradesh, chattisgarh, jharkhand.

EXISTING CONDITIONS

AND

CONSTRUCTION

PRACTICES

The zone comprises of alluvial soil in the Indo-gangetic plane and some portions contain lateritic soils and also hilly portion. The alluvial soil is very good for production of clay bricks while in other parts laterite blocks are used. In the hilly region, stone walling is made. The houses are built with soil blocks, bricks, laterite blocks and stone. The roofs are made up of RCC/GI sheet roofing laid in slope. The area is rich in mines and coal mining is a major industry.

INNOVATION OF

MATERIALS,

COMPONENTS

AND

TECHNOLOGIES

·        Instead of mud blocks for walling, stabilized clay blocks with cement-lime-bitumen shall be produced mud used. Stone block masonry.

·        In areas where flyash is available, units production for producing building components utilizing flyash for clay-flyash bricks or and flyash-sand- lime bricks.

·        Precast concrete blocks using laterite as an aggregate can be produced and used.

·        In hilly areas where stone is readily available, solid concrete blocks of 30x20x15 cm and 30x15x15 cm with designed concrete mixes using 50 mm aggregates/stone spalls or hollow concrete blocks of 40x20x20 cm shall be produced. The partition wall blocks shall be 30x1 Ox10cm solid or 40x20x10 cm hollow.

·        In areas affected by cyclones, the houses may be constructed on RCC stilts.

Foundation

·        The foundation in floods/cyclones affected areas can be on RCC columns, footings.

·        Burnt clay bricks in cm1:6

Wailing

·        Rat-trap bond walling with burnt bricks which saves 25% bricks and mortar in plastering can be used as filler walls in RC framed structure.

·        19 cm thick burnt brick wall for buildings upto 2 storeys provide around 20% saving in bricks and mortar and greater floor area for the same plinth area can be used or as filler walls in R.C. framed structure.

·        Single brick thick walls laid in cement mortar 1:6 as load bearing structure.

·        Hollow concrete blocks or solid concrete blocks for walling instead of RR masonry saves in cubic content of masonry thereby reducing weight on foundations and achieving savings in foundation as well as masonry walling. It will provide speedier construction and greater floor area for the same plinth area.

·        Prefabricated concrete blocks with lateritic aggregate can be used for walling.

Lintels

·        75 mm thick precast RCC lintels, with or without sunshades, can be provided in brick or block masonry walls.

·        RC plinth bands, lintel bands and roof band using cement concrete M20 concrete.

Doors and

Windows

·        Braced and battened doors of secondary species timber with pivots at top and bottom can be provided with or without any frame.

·        RCC frames and shutter for doors and windows can be provided.

·        Ferrocement shutters for doors

·         Cement bonded particle boards, with or without frames can be provided.

Roofing

·        Precast RCC joist with prefab brick panels / RC plank / funicular shell / Precast Jackarch panel and concrete panels in roofs along with prefab brick panel system can be provided.

·        RBC/RCC in-situ may also be provided.

·        Precast channel units of RCC or ferrocement especially for 'panchayat-ghar' / school building /health centres/post office / bank can be provided.

·        Precast RCC L-panel for sloping roof can be rovided.

Flooring

·        PCC 1 :2:4 flooring 25 mm thick over a base course of lean concrete (1:5:10) 75 mm thick

Sanitation

·        Single stack system of plumbing.

·        G.!. I PVC pipes for water supply.

·        CII PVC soil I waste pipes